Access to safe and potable water and adequate sanitation are fundamental for everyone’s health and, therefore, intrinsically linked to an individual’s right to health.
Adequate nutrition and sanitation are important aspects of good health. Although not all international conventions explicitly mention it, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution in 2010, recognising”
“The right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation is a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights”.
The right to water
Water as a nutrient and for staying hydrated is a key component of good health. Water is also used for the growing and preparation of food (nutrition) and in the household. Some diseases are also caused by the consumption or use of unsafe water.
Therefore, water must be:
- Available in sufficient amounts for daily use (enough for the preparation of food, the washing of clothes and for household cleaning, etc.)
- Safe: it should be of an acceptable colour, odour and taste and not dangerous to human health (free from toxic substances)
- Accessible: it should be reasonably priced (economically accessible and affordable) and available in proximity (physically accessible)
The right to sanitation
Everyone has the right to physical and affordable access to sanitation (sanitation facilities) in all spheres of life. Sanitation is also linked to the concept of human dignity and privacy.
The absence of adequate sanitation is, in turn, the main cause of water contamination.
Sanitation facilities must be:
- Available: located within or close to each household, health or educational institution, workplace or other public place.
- Accessible: reachable for all groups, including the elderly, persons with disabilities, and children.
- Safe: human, animal or insect contact with human waste must not be allowed.
- Acceptable: must be sensitive to gender, ensure privacy and be culturally appropriate.
Read more about the right to adequate water and sanitation in this Guide.